• About
    • About the FIA
    • Priorities
    • Our Team
    • Brainstorming Board
    • Partners and Affiliates
    • Contact Us
  • News + Events
    • News
    • Events
    • Videos
    • Newsletters
    • @FIAumd
    • In the Media
  • Spark Grants
    • Spark Grants Overview
    • Spark Grants FAQ
    • 2012-2015 Seed Grants
    • 2012-2015 Seed Grant Winners
  • Special Topics
    • SearchReSearch
    • Curated Topics
FIA

SearchReSearch

Answer: Finding original patents?

Dan Russell • June 1, 2022
 SearchReSearch
Republished with permission from SearchReSearch
Answer: Finding original patents? Dan Russell

Patents don't define a market...

... but they're a decent proxy for when a market comes into being. This week's Challenge asks about finding the patent dates for two devices that are fairly clever, definitely deserving of patent protection.

Can you find the patent dates for these two devices?

1. What's the patent date for the apple parer seen above? (See another view below for a similar device with an apple in place.)


I remember that Google has a Patents corpus (Patents.Google.com), so I went there and searched for

[ "apple parer" sargent foster ]

-- surprise! There were NO results!



When I did the search without Sargent, I found this patent for an "improved apple parer" (US116943, July 11, 1871), by Calvin Foster. It's much more complicated than the device shown above, but it also slices the apples as they're pared.



But I was expecting to find a patent with both Sargent and Foster's names. And this isn't it--is there another patent?

To explore a bit, I did a slightly different search without using the exact ("parer") term found in the advertisement--this was my second try at searching for the title (or claims) of the patent. I used:

[ apple paring Sargent Foster ]

but as you might expect, there were a lot of results. Luckily, the result I was searching for was in the 5th position:



You have to read through the OCR failures ("Machine fob pabiwg" should be "Machine for paring apples"). Luckily, the full-text is recognized correctly, which is why my search for "paring apples" worked.

I was curious if I could be more precise, so I put in a date restriction by using the Patents search UI. Here you can see I put in Jan 1 1871 as the latest date I was interested in. (I just guessed this--looking at the style of the drawing, it looked like 1871 or earlier.) Lo and behold, the search is very precise:


This search returns exactly the one result for patent US10078A (1853), the "Machine for Paring Apples."



With this as the original artwork:
Note that the text "Apple Parer" is handwritten in the diagram.
Apparently the OCR doesn't recognize that text in the illustration.



Interestingly, it was invented by Ephraim L. Pratt of Worcester, MA, and then assigned to J. Sargent and Dan P. Foster, as shown in the "Sargent and Foster's Patent" on the top image.

Assigning a patent transfers the ownership of the patent from the inventor (Ephraim) to the persons (or business) that will then own the patent.

And now you can see the mistake I made in the first search--I found "An improved apple parer" by Calvin Foster, that was not the original invention by Pratt in 1864 and assigned to Sargent and Dan Foster. I can speak from personal experience--"Dan" is not the same as "Calvin."

As I poked around, I found even more patents by Ephraim Pratt--turns out he invented multiple apple paring inventions! (Here's another one assigned to George Carter from 1864.



Bottom line: patent US10078A for the device shown above, was 1853, the "Machine for Paring Apples."


2. And the device that captured my heart, a stapler that works WITHOUT staples! When was this (or something very much like it) first patented?


I was curious if I could find this using "regular" Google search, so I tried this search:

[ stapleless stapler ]

and then looked at the images--was really surprised to see that there's an entire universe of shockingly colored stapleless staplers out there.


But by adding the term "antique" to the query, I got much better results:



By looking at these results, it would seem that this is a "Bump Fastener" from the Bump Fastener Company of LaCrosse, Wisconsin. (Notice that there's even chip in the upper left corner about "bump paper fastener.")

Searching for [ Bump Fastener Company ] quickly got me to the official LaCrosse County Bump Fastener page, which tells me that "...this handy office tool fastens two or more pieces of paper together. The fastener cuts a small triangular-shaped hole in the paper, folds back the cut triangle, and then slides it into a slot cut in the paper to fasten it in place." And that it was invented in 1910.

That's our gadget!

(And yes, search-by-image works quite well, as does a Lens search.)

But there's more to this history. From the same web page:

"Bump invented and patented other inventions while living in La Crosse, including an air compressor pump, a terminal clamp, a carburetor-adjusting mechanism, a rotary engine and many others. In 1930, Bump changed his company name to the Bump Pump Co., based on his new invention. However, the company was still producing his first patented invention, the paper fastener."

I have to admit that I was interested in the backstory, so I did the obvious search in newspapers of the day and found this lovely story:

LaCrosse Tribune, 3 Aug 1930, before the company name change,

I'm not sure I would have called this a "Combination of Romance, Struggle," but things were different back then. To LaCrosse, this was hot, front-page news!

SearchResearch Lessons

Before I get to the lessons I learned, I want to point out that several RegularReaders wrote exemplary SRS discussions and I want to point you to them.

Art Weiss wrote about his great voyage of discovery (which I thought about using for today's text). He also taught me about Espacenet, which is a great patent search engine--well worth knowing about. I especially like their advanced patent search UI which is especially easy to use.

Remmij, as usual, found some intriguing pages, including a site I didn't know about, the Early Office Museum Website, which pointed out that "..[stapleless fasteners] were introduced in 1909 by the Clipless Paper Fastener Co. and in 1910 by Bump’s Perfected Paper Fastener Co. A Clipless Paper Fastener and the Bump Paper Fastener cut and fold small flaps in the papers in a way that locks the papers together. Bump machines were still marketed in 1950. Curiously, the model of the Bump Stand Machine that was introduced in 1916 was sold until 1950 with the words "Patent Pending.""

Mateojose1 did a marvelous job of walking us through their search process with a nice description of side-journeys.

Ramón points us to this amazing video of an 1870's peeler being restored and used. Which reminded me to search on YouTube for a Sargent and Foster apple peeler video in use.


My observations:

1. Read carefully. I know I say this all the time, but when I was initially searching, I misunderstand Calvin Foster's name, thinking that only one person named Foster would be involved in apple peeler patents. How wrong was I!

2. OCR is inexact.. especially in older documents (like 19th century patents). Sometimes you have to "read through" the OCR errors to get to the good stuff.

3. Don't be afraid to try alternative versions of your query. Note that when I tried searching on patents for "Apple Parer," it didn't work too well. But "Apple peeler" did!


Search on!

Share

Comments

This post was republished. Comments can be viewed and shared via the original site.
3 comments

About the Author

Dan RussellDan Russell

I study the way people search and research. I guess that makes me an anthropologist of search. While I work at Google, my blog and G+ posts reflects my own thoughts and not those of my employer. I am FIA's Future-ist in Residence. More »

Recent News

  • Deepfakes and the Future of Facts
    Deepfakes and the Future of FactsSeptember 27, 2019
  • Book cover for Joy of Search by Daniel M. Russell
    The Joy of Search: A Google Insider’s Guide to Going Beyond the BasicsSeptember 26, 2019
  • The Future of Facts in a ‘Post-Truth’ World
    The Future of Facts in a ‘Post-Truth’ WorldMay 15, 2018
  • The Future of Virtual and Augmented Reality and Immersive Storytelling
    The Future of Virtual and Augmented Reality and Immersive StorytellingJune 6, 2017

More »

Upcoming Events

There are no upcoming events scheduled. Please check back later.
Event Archive »
Video Archive »

Join Email List

SearchReSearch

  • SearchResearch Challenge (3/22/23):  What do you call the sediment that blocks a river from flowing to the sea?
    SearchResearch Challenge (3/22/23): What do you call the sediment that blocks a river from flowing to the sea?March 22, 2023
  • Answer: What do these everyday symbols mean?
    Answer: What do these everyday symbols mean?March 15, 2023
  • SearchResearch Challenge (3/8/23): What do these everyday symbols mean?
    SearchResearch Challenge (3/8/23): What do these everyday symbols mean?March 8, 2023
  • PSA:  Read Clive Thompson’s article about how he does research
    PSA: Read Clive Thompson’s article about how he does researchMarch 3, 2023

More »

University of Maryland logo
Robert W. Deutsch Foundation logo
Google logo
Barrie School
Library of Congress logo
State of Maryland logo
National Archives logo
National Geographic Society logo
National Park Service logo
Newseum logo
Sesame Workshop logo
Smithsonian logo
WAMU
© 2023 The Future of Information Alliance, University of Maryland | Privacy Policy | Web Accessibility